imtoken官方版2.0|this

首页
this

imtoken官方版2.0|this

作者： imtoken官方版2.0

2024-03-09 22:55:37

THIS中文(简体)翻译：剑桥词典

词典

翻译

语法

同义词词典

+Plus

剑桥词典+Plus

Shop

剑桥词典+Plus

我的主页

+Plus 帮助

退出

剑桥词典+Plus

我的主页

+Plus 帮助

退出

中文 (简体)

查找

英语-中文（简体）

this 在英语-中文（简体）词典中的翻译

thisdeterminer, pronoun uk

Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio

/ðɪs/ us

Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio

/ðɪs/ plural these /ðiːz/ /ðiːz/

Add to word list

A1 used for a person, object, idea, etc. to show which one is referred to

这，这个

Can you sign this form here for me?

请你在这个表上签个名好吗？

These books are too heavy for me to carry.

这些书太重了，我拿不动。

informal We met this girl (= the girl I am going to tell you about) in the hotel.

我们在旅馆里遇到这姑娘。

This is the one I want.

这就是我要的那个。

What's this? Is this what you're looking for?

这是什么？这是你要找的吗？

What's this I hear about you moving to Scotland?

我听说你要移居到苏格兰，是怎么回事？

this is ...

used when you introduce someone to someone else

（用以介绍他人时）这位是…

Harry, this is Joan.

哈里，这位是琼。

Tyler, this is Jake, who I work with at Thrive. Sophie, this is Bryce. Bryce and I were at school together. Jack, this is my cousin, Marina. Let me introduce you to James. James, this is Tom. There's someone I'd like you to meet, Julia. Laura, this is Julia.

by this time (also before this)

already

已经

I thought you'd be done by this time.

我以为你这之前已经完成了。

By this time, they'd both left. Usually by this time we've sold out of sandwiches. By this time her health was so bad, she couldn't work. By this time, he had a wife and a son. He's usually awake by this time. By this time, I'm usually tucked up in bed, asleep.

更多范例减少例句You need 250 g of grated cheese for this recipe.Which class are you in this year?I will not tolerate this behaviour any longer. Is that clear?We need a coat hook on the back of this door.I've had continual problems with this car ever since I bought it.

语法

It, this and that in paragraphsWe use it, this and that to introduce further information about a topic already mentioned. However, the words have different uses. …

This, that, these, thoseThis, that, these and those are demonstratives. We use this, that, these and those to point to people and things. This and that are singular. These and those are plural. We use them as determiners and pronouns. …

This, that, these, those as determinersWe use this and that with singular and uncountable nouns: …

This, that, these, those as pronounsWe normally use this, that, these and those as pronouns to refer to things or ideas: …

This and these, that and those: usesWe use this and these most commonly to point to things and people that are close to the speaker or writer, or things that are happening now: …

Substitution with that, thoseIn formal contexts, we can use that and those as substitutes meaning ‘the one(s)’: …

习语

this and that

thisadverb uk

Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio

/ðɪs/ us

Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio

/ðɪs/

C1 as much as shown or to a particular degree

这么；这样

It was only about this high off the ground.

它离地面只有这么高。

She has never been this late for school before.

她以前上学从没有迟到过这么久。

更多范例减少例句If I'd known it was going to be this hot, I'd have worn my shorts.I've never seen Leon this angry before, ever.Nobody realized the task was going to be as challenging as this.Our sales figures have never been this bad before - it's very worrying.The crate was only about this far off the ground when the rope snapped.

(this在剑桥英语-中文（简体）词典的翻译 © Cambridge University Press)

this的例句

this

I thank everybody who helped me with this article.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

In this work, we analyzed both real and completely synthetic data with many algorithms to assess cluster accuracy and stability.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

At this point, the current cluster is assumed to be done.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

Most values on the dependent variable for this analysis are around 5 per cent, while a few are dispersed at very high levels.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

Until all members of our society are afforded that access, this promise of our government will continue to be unfulfilled.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

At this same length, twitch tension was just over 30% of its respective peak value at the reference length.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

In this scenario, the variability-weighted approach would not improve cluster quality.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

The crucial characteristic of this method is that it encourages people to express dissent.

来自 Cambridge English Corpus

示例中的观点不代表剑桥词典编辑、剑桥大学出版社和其许可证颁发者的观点。

A1,C1

this的翻译

中文（繁体）

這，這個, 這麼, 這樣…

查看更多内容

西班牙语

este, este / esta, así…

查看更多内容

葡萄牙语

este, esta, esse…

查看更多内容

更多语言

in Marathi

日语

土耳其语

法语

加泰罗尼亚语

in Dutch

in Tamil

in Hindi

in Gujarati

丹麦语

in Swedish

马来语

德语

挪威语

in Urdu

in Ukrainian

俄语

in Telugu

阿拉伯语

in Bengali

捷克语

印尼语

泰语

越南语

波兰语

韩语

意大利语

हा / ही / हे, इतका…

查看更多内容

（前述のもの・事柄を指し）この～, （近くのものを指し）この～, （現在の週、月、年などを指し）…

查看更多内容

bu, bu (yakınında, işaret edilen)…

查看更多内容

ce (before a consonant) / cet (before a vowel) … (ci), cette … ci, ce (before a consonant) / cet (before a vowel)…

查看更多内容

aquest, això, -a…

查看更多内容

deze, dit, een…

查看更多内容

ஒரு நபர், பொருள், யோசனை போன்றவற்றுக்குப் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது. எது குறிப்பிடப்படுகிறது என்பதைக் காட்ட…

查看更多内容

किसे संदर्भित किया जा रहा है यह दर्शाने हेतु किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु, विचार आदि के लिए प्रयुक्त…

查看更多内容

આ, આ પ્રકારે, આંગળી ચીંધીને દર્શાવામાં આવે તે…

查看更多内容

denne, disse, dette…

查看更多内容

den (det, de) här, denna…

查看更多内容

ini, adalah seorang (lelaki) ni, begini…

查看更多内容

diese/-r/-s, das, so…

查看更多内容

den, den her, denne…

查看更多内容

یہ, اتنا, اس حد تک…

查看更多内容

цей, ця, це…

查看更多内容

этот, эта, это…

查看更多内容

ఈ/ఇది, చూపినంత లేదా ఒక స్థాయికి…

查看更多内容

هَذا, هَذِه…

查看更多内容

এই / এটি / এটা, এটা…

查看更多内容

tento, ten, to…

查看更多内容

ini, begini…

查看更多内容

(คน, สิ่ง) นี้, นี้ (ใช้แทนคำนามที่กล่าวถึงหรือทราบกันดีอยู่แล้ว)…

查看更多内容

dùng chỉ người, vật ở gần, dùng cho nhân vật trong truyện…

查看更多内容

ten, najbliższy, następny…

查看更多内容

(이미 언급한 것을 가리켜) 이, (가까운 곳에 있는 것을 가리키며) 이, (현재와 관련 있는 시간) 이 (주…

查看更多内容

questo, questa, un…

查看更多内容

需要一个翻译器吗？

获得快速、免费的翻译！

翻译器工具

this的发音是什么？

在英语词典中查看 this 的释义

浏览

thirties

thirtieth

thirty

thirtyfold

this

this ... lark phrase

this and that idiom

this is the life! idiom

this minute idiom

this更多的中文(简体)翻译

全部

to this day

to this end

this ... lark

just this once

in this/that regard

on this/that score

this minute idiom

查看全部意思»

惯用语

this minute idiom

at this rate idiom

this and that idiom

depart this life idiom

this is the life! idiom

this side of something idiom

watch this space idiom

查看全部惯用语意思»

“每日一词”

flexitarian

A flexitarian way of eating consists mainly of vegetarian food but with some meat.

关于这个

博客

Forget doing it or forget to do it? Avoiding common mistakes with verb patterns (2)

March 06, 2024

新词

stochastic parrot

March 04, 2024

已添加至 list

回到页面顶端

内容

英语-中文（简体）例句翻译

©剑桥大学出版社与评估2024

学习

新词

帮助

纸质书出版

Word of the Year 2021

Word of the Year 2022

Word of the Year 2023

开发

词典API

双击查看

搜索Widgets

执照数据

关于

无障碍阅读

剑桥英语教学

剑桥大学出版社与评估

授权管理

Cookies与隐私保护

语料库

使用条款

京ICP备14002226号-2

©剑桥大学出版社与评估2024

剑桥词典+Plus

我的主页

+Plus 帮助

退出

词典

定义

清晰解释自然的书面和口头英语

英语

学习词典

基础英式英语

基础美式英语

翻译

点击箭头改变翻译方向。

双语词典

英语-中文（简体）

Chinese (Simplified)–English

英语-中文（繁体）

Chinese (Traditional)–English

英语-荷兰语

荷兰语-英语

英语-法语

法语-英语

英语-德语

德语-英语

英语-印尼语

印尼语-英语

英语-意大利语

意大利语-英语

英语-日语

日语-英语

英语-挪威语

挪威语-英语

英语-波兰语

波兰语-英语

英语-葡萄牙语

葡萄牙语-英语

英语-西班牙语

西班牙语-英语

English–Swedish

Swedish–English

半双语词典

英语-阿拉伯语

英语-孟加拉语

英语-加泰罗尼亚语

英语-捷克语

英语-丹麦语

English–Gujarati

英语-印地语

英语-韩语

英语-马来语

英语-马拉地语

英语-俄语

English–Tamil

English–Telugu

英语-泰语

英语-土耳其语

英语-乌克兰语

English–Urdu

英语-越南语

翻译

语法

同义词词典

Pronunciation

剑桥词典+Plus

Shop

剑桥词典+Plus

我的主页

+Plus 帮助

退出

中文 (简体)

Change

English (UK)

English (US)

Español

Русский

Português

Deutsch

Français

Italiano

中文 (简体)

正體中文 (繁體)

Polski

한국어

Türkçe

日本語

Tiếng Việt

हिंदी

தமிழ்

తెలుగు

关注我们

选择一本词典

JavaScript this 关键字 | 菜鸟教程

菜鸟教程 -- 学的不仅是技术，更是梦想！

首页

HTML

CSS

JavaScript

Vue

Bootstrap

NodeJS

Python3

Python2

Java

C++

SQL

Linux

jQuery

本地书签

首页

HTML

CSS

本地书签

Python3 教程

Python2 教程

Vue3 教程

vue2 教程

Bootstrap3 教程

Bootstrap4 教程

Bootstrap5 教程

Bootstrap2 教程

Javascript 教程

JavaScript 教程

JavaScript 简介

JavaScript 用法

JavaScript Chrome 中运行

JavaScript 输出

JavaScript 语法

JavaScript 语句

JavaScript 注释

JavaScript 变量

JavaScript 数据类型

JavaScript 对象

JavaScript 函数

JavaScript 作用域

JavaScript 事件

JavaScript 字符串

JavaScript 字符串模板

JavaScript 运算符

JavaScript 比较

JavaScript 条件语句

JavaScript switch 语句

JavaScript for 循环

JavaScript while 循环

JavaScript break 和 continue 语句

JavaScript typeof

JavaScript 类型转换

JavaScript 正则表达式

JavaScript 错误

JavaScript 调试

JavaScript 变量提升

JavaScript 严格模式

JavaScript 使用误区

JavaScript 表单

JavaScript 表单验证

JavaScript 验证 API

JavaScript 保留关键字

JavaScript this

JavaScript let 和 const

JavaScript JSON

JavaScript void

JavaScript 异步编程

JavaScript Promise

JavaScript 代码规范

JS 函数

JavaScript 函数定义

JavaScript 函数参数

JavaScript 函数调用

JavaScript 闭包

JS 类

JavaScript 类

JavaScript 类继承

JavaScript 静态方法

JS HTML DOM

DOM 简介

DOM HTML

DOM CSS

DOM 事件

DOM EventListener

DOM 元素

HTMLCollection 对象

NodeList 对象

JS 高级教程

JavaScript 对象

JavaScript prototype

JavaScript Number 对象

JavaScript String

JavaScript Date（日期）

JavaScript Array（数组）

JavaScript Boolean（布尔）

JavaScript Math（算数）

JavaScript RegExp 对象

JS 浏览器BOM

JavaScript Window

JavaScript Window Screen

JavaScript Window Location

JavaScript Window History

JavaScript Navigator

JavaScript 弹窗

JavaScript 计时事件

JavaScript Cookie

JS 库

JavaScript 库

JavaScript 测试 jQuery

JavaScript 测试 Prototype

JS 实例

JavaScript 实例

JavaScript 对象实例

JavaScript 浏览器对象实例

JavaScript HTML DOM 实例

JavaScript 总结

JS 参考手册

JavaScript 对象

HTML DOM 对象

JavaScript 异步编程

JavaScript 静态方法

JavaScript let 和 const

JavaScript prototype（原型对象）

JavaScript this 关键字

面向对象语言中 this 表示当前对象的一个引用。

但在 JavaScript 中 this 不是固定不变的，它会随着执行环境的改变而改变。

在方法中，this 表示该方法所属的对象。

如果单独使用，this 表示全局对象。

在函数中，this 表示全局对象。

在函数中，在严格模式下，this 是未定义的(undefined)。

在事件中，this 表示接收事件的元素。

类似 call() 和 apply() 方法可以将 this 引用到任何对象。

实例

var person = {

firstName: "John",

lastName : "Doe",

id : 5566,

fullName : function() {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;

}

};

尝试一下 »

方法中的 this

在对象方法中， this 指向调用它所在方法的对象。

在上面一个实例中，this 表示 person 对象。

fullName 方法所属的对象就是 person。

实例

fullName : function() {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;

}

尝试一下 »

单独使用 this

单独使用 this，则它指向全局(Global)对象。

在浏览器中，window 就是该全局对象为 [object Window]:

实例

var x = this;

尝试一下 »

严格模式下，如果单独使用，this 也是指向全局(Global)对象。

实例

"use strict";

var x = this;

尝试一下 »

函数中使用 this（默认）

在函数中，函数的所属者默认绑定到 this 上。

在浏览器中，window 就是该全局对象为 [object Window]:

实例

function myFunction() {

return this;

}

尝试一下 »

函数中使用 this（严格模式）

严格模式下函数是没有绑定到 this 上，这时候 this 是 undefined。

实例

"use strict";

function myFunction() {

return this;

}

尝试一下 »

事件中的 this

在 HTML 事件句柄中，this 指向了接收事件的 HTML 元素：

实例

尝试一下 »

对象方法中绑定

下面实例中，this 是 person 对象，person 对象是函数的所有者：

实例

var person = {

firstName : "John",

lastName : "Doe",

id : 5566,

myFunction : function() {

return this;

}

};

尝试一下 »

实例

var person = {

firstName: "John",

lastName : "Doe",

id : 5566,

fullName : function() {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;

}

};

尝试一下 »

说明: this.firstName 表示

this (person) 对象的 firstName 属性。

显式函数绑定

在 JavaScript 中函数也是对象，对象则有方法，apply 和 call 就是函数对象的方法。这两个方法异常强大，他们允许切换函数执行的上下文环境（context），即 this 绑定的对象。

在下面实例中，当我们使用 person2 作为参数来调用 person1.fullName 方法时, this 将指向 person2, 即便它是 person1 的方法：

实例

var person1 = {

fullName: function() {

return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;

}

var person2 = {

firstName:"John",

lastName: "Doe",

}

person1.fullName.call(person2); // 返回 "John Doe"

尝试一下 »

JavaScript let 和 const

JavaScript prototype（原型对象）

3 篇笔记

写笔记

#0 同一个人 148***5672@qq.com 677this 的多种指向:

1、在对象方法中， this 指向调用它所在方法的对象。

2、单独使用 this，它指向全局(Global)对象。

3、函数使用中，this 指向函数的所属者。

4、严格模式下函数是没有绑定到 this 上，这时候 this 是 undefined。

5、在 HTML 事件句柄中，this 指向了接收事件的 HTML 元素。

6、apply 和 call 允许切换函数执行的上下文环境（context），即 this 绑定的对象，可以将 this 引用到任何对象。

同一个人同一个人 148***5672@qq.com5年前 (2019-04-09)

#0 阿林 821***125@qq.com 61简单理解，this指向的是该this所在的最里层的object对象。1、函数不是object对象，所以没有写在object对象里的函数调用this会指向window2、构造函数是object对象，所以在构造函数中调用this会指向该构造函数3、html元素是object元素，所以在html元素中调用this会指向该元素4、函数1 return 函数2，函数2 return this，该this会指向window

例：

let obj = {

fun1:function(){

return function(){

return this;

}

};

console.log(obj.fun1()()); //window阿林阿林 821***125@qq.com3年前 (2021-09-09)

#0 海阳 280***3930@qq.com 25this 含义：

解析器在调用函数时，每次都会向函数内部传递进隐藏的参数。

根据函数的调用方式的不同，this 会指向不同的对象。

a、以函数的形式调用时，this 永远都是 window。

b、以方法的形式调用时，this 就是调用方法的那个对象。海阳海阳 280***3930@qq.com2年前 (2021-12-03)

点我分享笔记

取消

分享笔记

昵称昵称 (必填)

邮箱邮箱 (必填)

引用地址引用地址

分类导航

HTML / CSSHTML 教程HTML5 教程CSS 教程CSS3 教程Bootstrap3 教程Bootstrap4 教程Bootstrap5 教程Font Awesome 教程Foundation 教程 JavaScriptJavaScript 教程HTML DOM 教程jQuery 教程AngularJS 教程AngularJS2 教程Vue.js 教程Vue3 教程React 教程TypeScript 教程jQuery UI 教程jQuery EasyUI 教程Node.js 教程AJAX 教程JSON 教程Echarts 教程Chart.js 教程Highcharts 教程Google 地图教程服务端Python 教程Python2.x 教程Linux 教程Docker 教程Ruby 教程Java 教程C 教程C++ 教程Perl 教程Servlet 教程JSP 教程Lua 教程Rust 教程Scala 教程Go 教程PHP 教程数据结构与算法Django 教程FastAPI 教程Zookeeper 教程设计模式正则表达式Maven 教程Verilog 教程ASP 教程AppML 教程VBScript 教程数据库SQL 教程MySQL 教程PostgreSQL 教程SQLite 教程MongoDB 教程Redis 教程Memcached 教程数据分析Python 教程NumPy 教程Pandas 教程Matplotlib 教程Scipy 教程R 教程Julia 教程移动端Android 教程Swift 教程jQuery Mobile 教程ionic 教程Kotlin 教程 XML 教程XML 教程DTD 教程XML DOM 教程XSLT 教程XPath 教程XQuery 教程XLink 教程XPointer 教程XML Schema 教程XSL-FO 教程SVG 教程 ASP.NETASP.NET 教程C# 教程Web Pages 教程Razor 教程MVC 教程Web Forms 教程 Web ServiceWeb Service 教程WSDL 教程SOAP 教程RSS 教程RDF 教程开发工具Eclipse 教程Git 教程Svn 教程Markdown 教程网站建设HTTP 教程网站建设指南浏览器信息网站主机教程TCP/IP 教程W3C 教程网站品质

反馈/建议

在线实例

·HTML 实例

·CSS 实例

·JavaScript 实例

·Ajax 实例

·jQuery 实例

·XML 实例

·Java 实例

字符集&工具

· HTML 字符集设置

· HTML ASCII 字符集

· JS 混淆/加密

· PNG/JPEG 图片压缩

· HTML 拾色器

· JSON 格式化工具

· 随机数生成器

this是什么意思_this的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_爱词霸在线词典

是什么意思_this的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_爱词霸在线词典首页翻译背单词写作校对词霸下载用户反馈专栏平台登录this是什么意思_this用英语怎么说_this的翻译_this翻译成_this的中文意思_this怎么读,this的读音,this的用法,this的例句翻译人工翻译试试人工翻译翻译全文简明柯林斯牛津this高中/CET4/CET6英 [ðɪs]美 [ðɪs]释义pron.这，这个; 这事，这人; 这时; 下面所说的事adv.这样地; 就是这样; 这么地点击人工翻译，了解更多人工释义词态变化复数: these;实用场景例句全部这个这事这人这时刚过去的即将到来的今…本…这样地就是这样这么地How long have you been living in this country?你在这个国家居住多久啦？牛津词典Well, make up your mind. Which do you want? This one or that one?哎，拿定主意。你要哪一个？这个还是那个？牛津词典I think you'll find these more comfortable than those.我想你会觉得这些比那些更舒适。牛津词典Is this your bag?这是你的包吗？牛津词典There was a court case resulting from this incident.这一事件引起一宗庭审案件。牛津词典The boy was afraid and the dog had sensed this.男孩害怕了，狗已经察觉到这一点。牛津词典When food comes out of any oven, it should stand a while. During this delay the centre carries on cooking...食物出炉后都应该静置一会。在此期间，中心部分还在继续加热。柯林斯高阶英语词典On 1 October the US suspended a proposed $574 million aid package for 1991. Of this amount, $250 million is for military purchases.10 月 1 号，美国暂停了拟议中的一项 1991 年度总计 5.74 亿美元的一揽子援助方案，这其中有 2.5 亿美元是用于军事采购的。柯林斯高阶英语词典This is what I will do. I will telephone Anna and explain.下面是我要做的：我要给安娜打电话解释清楚。柯林斯高阶英语词典You feel that it's uneconomic to insist that people work together in groups. Why is this?...你觉得要求大家分组工作不划算，这是为什么呢？柯林斯高阶英语词典A job is pretty much nine-to-five. Is this what you feel would make you happy?工作时间多数是朝九晚五，你觉得这样会让你感觉愉快吗？柯林斯高阶英语词典I came here by chance and was just watching what was going on, when this girl attacked me...我碰巧来到这儿，正看着热闹，突然一个女孩袭击了我。柯林斯高阶英语词典So I just walked up the steps into this big, beautiful church.于是我就拾级而上，走进了这座漂亮的大教堂。柯林斯高阶英语词典'If you'd prefer something else I'll gladly have it changed for you.' — 'No, this is great.'...“您要是喜欢别的，我很乐意帮您调换一下。”——“不用了，这个挺好。”柯林斯高阶英语词典'Is this what you were looking for?' Bradley produced the handkerchief...“你刚才找的是不是这个？”布拉德利掏出那块手绢。柯林斯高阶英语词典I thought, this is why I've travelled thousands of miles...我想，这就是我为何不远千里赶来的原因。柯林斯高阶英语词典Tim, this is awful. I know what you must think, but it's not so...蒂姆，这可糟了。我知道你心里在想什么，但实际情况不是这样的。柯林斯高阶英语词典We've stopped transporting weapons to this country by train...我们已停止用火车向该国运送武器。柯林斯高阶英语词典This place is run like a hotel ought to be run...这个地方的经营方式就是旅馆应该有的样子。柯林斯高阶英语词典...this Sunday's 7.45 performance...本周日 7 点 45 分的表演柯林斯高阶英语词典We're getting married this June...我们准备今年 6 月结婚。柯林斯高阶英语词典They'd said the wound was only about this big you see and he showed me with his fingers.他们说伤口只有这么一点大，他还用手指比划给我看。柯林斯高阶英语词典I am not going to reveal what my seven-year plan is, but I will tell you this much, if it works out, the next seven years will be very interesting.我不想透露我的七年计划的具体内容，不过有一点可以告诉你，如果顺利实施，今后的七年将非常有意义。柯林斯高阶英语词典'You know, people conveniently forget the things they say.' — 'Well this is it.'“你知道，人们会选择性地忘记自己说过的话。”——“嗯，是这样。”柯林斯高阶英语词典Hello, this is John Thompson...喂，我是约翰·汤普森。柯林斯高阶英语词典'Hello, is this Raymond Brown?' — 'Yeah, who's this?'...“喂，是雷蒙德·布朗吗？”——“对，您是哪位？”柯林斯高阶英语词典What I'm going to do in this lecture is focus on something very specific...我在今天的讲座中将主要探讨一些非常具体的问题。柯林斯高阶英语词典What a book can do, and what this one will try to accomplish, is to present examples of how life can be made more enjoyable...一本书能做到的，也是本书努力实现的，就是列举一些例子说明如何让生活变得更加愉快。柯林斯高阶英语词典'And what are you doing now?' — 'Oh this and that.'“那你现在在做什么呢？”——“哦，瞎忙。”柯林斯高阶英语词典I want to make a point about all these charges going up, water rates and all this that and the other.我想就水费及其他各种各样费用的上涨谈谈看法。柯林斯高阶英语词典收起实用场景例句真题例句全部四级六级高考考研While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome.出自-2017年6月阅读原文This type of memory ( ' , where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference.出自-2017年6月阅读原文This trend will continue into the 2020s, the report projects.出自-2017年6月阅读原文This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.出自-2017年6月阅读原文This means they often have to make a special effort to lay the past to rest.出自-2017年6月阅读原文This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors.出自-2017年6月阅读原文This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK.出自-2017年6月阅读原文These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs.出自-2017年6月阅读原文These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer.出自-2017年6月阅读原文There's part of this sickening horror of knowing you're walking on the edge with this, that I kind of like, knowing that it could all fall apart at any second.出自-2017年6月阅读原文There's an ancient legend that as long as these eggs are made, evil will not prevail in the world, says Joan Brander, a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years, having learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives.出自-2017年6月阅读原文The report refers to this as the coming of the 18-hour city, and uses the term to refer to cities like Houston, Austin, Charlotte, and Nashville, which are positioning themselves as highly competitive, in terms of livability, employment offerings, and recreational and cultural facilities.出自-2017年6月阅读原文The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams.出自-2017年6月阅读原文The bulk of the research shows that there may be a pause, or a shifting of gears in the 40s or 50s, but this shift can be exciting, rather than terrifying.出自-2017年6月阅读原文She recalls:One day a man I worked with, Ryan, who had his office next to mine, said, Leah, let's go look at this space on Queen Anne .出自-2017年6月阅读原文One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger, says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.出自-2017年6月阅读原文Of course I was scared, yet I had this strong sense of I have to do this.出自-2017年6月阅读原文Not everyone with HSAM has experienced these benefits, however.出自-2017年6月阅读原文Karl Barth described midlife in precisely this way.出自-2017年6月阅读原文I'm not happy and I want to change and I'm done with this.出自-2017年6月阅读原文I'm extremely sensitive to sounds, smells and visual detail, explains Nicole Donohue, who has taken part in many of these studies.出自-2017年6月阅读原文I had spent two years cultivating this community, and it had become successful very fast, within six months, but I was facing the prospect of losing it all.出自-2017年6月阅读原文Each time this initial memory trace is replayed, it becomes even stronger.出自-2017年6月阅读原文Contemporary artists have followed this tradition to create eggs that speak to the anxieties of our age: Life is precious, and delicate.出自-2017年6月阅读原文But in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.出自-2017年6月阅读原文As soon as I saw the location, I knew this was it.出自-2017年6月阅读原文As smaller cities copy the model of these 24-hour cities, more affordable versions of these places will be created.出自-2017年6月阅读原文Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.出自-2017年6月阅读原文After that, survey respondents disagree over whether this generation will follow in their parents' footsteps, moving to the suburbs to raise families, or will choose to remain in the city center.出自-2017年6月阅读原文A couple of recent papers have finally opened a window on these people's extraordinary minds.出自-2017年6月阅读原文 With this comprehensive knowledge of the history of art, he has since become a professional painter.出自-2017年6月阅读原文 Veiseh agrees: It is like having these open wounds – they are just a part of you, he says.出自-2017年6月阅读原文This behaviour may have evolved as dogs gradually learned they could benefit from avoiding conflicts with humans.出自-2017年6月听力原文They suggest this indicates that dogs aren’t sensing emotions from a single feature, but piecing together information from all facial features just as humans do.出自-2017年6月听力原文The scientists suggest this may be an attempt to calm humans down.出自-2017年6月听力原文At first, this didn’t bother her.出自-2017年6月听力原文Although this incident very much alters the race of the two participants competing for a win, both are going to continue on their way toward the finish line.出自-2017年6月听力原文[The most recent of these studies, published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes ( ' , known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes).出自-2016年6月阅读原文You can't just say, ‘Let's put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off, Dr.Robison said.出自-2016年6月阅读原文You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan.出自-2016年6月阅读原文You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular.出自-2016年6月阅读原文This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans, Soupios says.出自-2016年6月阅读原文This is, in any case, the right conversation to be having now as Mayor Megan Barry takes office.出自-2016年6月阅读原文This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era.出自-2016年6月阅读原文This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travelrelated technologies than older onesWhen it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age.出自-2016年6月阅读原文This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer, Soupios says.出自-2016年6月阅读原文This is Aesop, the fabulist ( ' , 寓言家 ), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationships, He says.出自-2016年6月阅读原文This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.出自-2016年6月阅读原文This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family.出自-2016年6月阅读原文These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases, Salthouse said in a news release.出自-2016年6月阅读原文These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.出自-2016年6月阅读原文The shorthand ( ' , 简写) educators use for this is pre-K —meaning instruction before kindergarten—and the big idea is to prepare 4-year-olds and even younger kids to be ready to succeed on their K-12 journey.出自-2016年6月阅读原文The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Some show up ready, but many do not at this critical time when young brains are developing rapidly.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Now a third and far more significant motivation presents itself: meeting these goals may be necessary to prevent the collapse of our civilization.出自-2016年6月阅读原文More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend, Soupios says.出自-2016年6月阅读原文It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues related to educating a child.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.出自-2016年6月阅读原文I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry ( ' , 诡辩 ).出自-2016年6月阅读原文I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out.出自-2016年6月阅读原文I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.出自-2016年6月阅读原文For this purpose, our schools need both the talent and the organization to educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door.出自-2016年6月阅读原文But what effect does your personality have on your longevity ( ' , 长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.出自-2016年6月阅读原文But this and other price shocks were event-driven—drought in the Soviet Union, crop-shrinking heat in the U.S.Corn Belt.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing? —here is a thought from Dr.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.出自-2016年6月阅读原文As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are.出自-2016年6月阅读原文And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Actually, this isn't surprising.出自-2016年6月阅读原文A quarter of this year's American grain harvest will be used to produce bio-fuel for cars.出自-2016年6月阅读原文A fourth of this year's U.S. grain harvest will go to fuel cars.出自-2016年6月阅读原文It’s great that you have had this experience of teaching in Indonesia.出自-2016年6月听力原文In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people.出自-2016年6月听力原文How can they go about this? OK, Nathan, so we are talking about driving.出自-2016年6月听力原文Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative ways this affects girls today.出自-2016年6月听力原文116 brands were looked at for this study.出自-2016年6月听力原文Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too.出自-2016年12月阅读原文We validated these expectations in a study in which two other psychologists and I monitored 373 students for two years during the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more difficult and the grading -102- more strict, to determine how their mind-sets might affect their math grades.出自-2016年12月阅读原文We are at a point where in much of the developed world the vast majority of young people grew up playing video games, and an increasingly high percentage of adults play these video games too, Werbach says.出自-2016年12月阅读原文Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn't believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.出自-2016年12月阅读原文This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other.出自-2016年12月阅读原文These experiments indicated that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success.出自-2016年12月阅读原文There is no reason this will go away.出自-2016年12月阅读原文The principle is about understanding what is motivating to this group of players, which requires some understanding of psychology.出自-2016年12月阅读原文Sometimes this involves technology, but often it does not.出自-2016年12月阅读原文Sales people often fall into this category.出自-2016年12月阅读原文One of the prizes used was a lottery ticket ( ' , 彩票), with a $10, $50 or $100 payout, and this was as effective as a tangible gift in persuading people to eat less.出自-2016年12月阅读原文One explanation for this finding is that possible awards may be more emotionally provoking than certainty awards, says Reimann.出自-2016年12月阅读原文It is utterly confusing to me that people do not recognize this, despite the fact that pretty much anyone who has been a student can tell the difference between their best and worst teachers.出自-2016年12月阅读原文Increasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through what has come to be known as gamification: essentially, turning work into a game.出自-2016年12月阅读原文I'm talking about a ‘simulation（' 模拟), I'm talking about ‘being able to solve this problem.出自-2016年12月阅读原文I realized these different types of students not only explain their failures differently, but they also hold different theories of intelligence.出自-2016年12月阅读原文I call this a fixed mind-set ( ' , 思维模式). 出自-2016年12月阅读原文How might this knowledge be used to help people eat more healthily?One possibility is a healthy option that offers the chance to win a spa ( ' , 温泉疗养) weekend.出自-2016年12月阅读原文He'll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm.出自-2016年12月阅读原文He theorizes that it is the emotional component of these intangible prizes that make them effective.出自-2016年12月阅读原文But I can tell you that I like this guy.出自-2016年12月阅读原文At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries.出自-2016年12月阅读原文While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel any adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial, Morgan wrote to the presidents.出自-2017年6月阅读原文This prompted the company to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter.出自-2017年6月阅读原文These math circles cost nothing, or they're very cheap for students to get involved in, but you have to know about them, said Rusczyk.出自-2017年6月阅读原文These likely persistent forces, like the growth of shale ( ' , 页岩) oil, point to a low for long scenario.出自-2017年6月阅读原文These designers established the modem dress code, letting playsuits and other activewear outfits suffice for casual clothing, allowing pants to enter the wardrobe, and prizing rationalism and versatility in dress, in contradiction to dressing for an occasion or allotment of the day.出自-2017年6月阅读原文The retail giant said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures.出自-2017年6月阅读原文The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil fields—which can be tapped at relatively low marginal cost—are depleted.出自-2017年6月阅读原文The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time around.出自-2017年6月阅读原文System institutions are operating very efficiently based on this analysis, raising the question of the value of pursuing a broad scale outsourcing initiative.出自-2017年6月阅读原文Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository ( ' , 库), and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects—but these remain the exception, not the rule.出自-2017年6月阅读原文Of course, much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in justifying apparel ( ' , 服装) on the basis of utility.出自-2017年6月阅读原文Of course these practical, insightful designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion.出自-2017年6月阅读原文Morgan's comments on outsourcing mark the second time this month that he has come out against one of Haslam's plans for higher education in Tennessee.出自-2017年6月阅读原文More than a quarter of children live in single-parent households—a historic high, according to Pew—and these children are three times as likely to live in poverty as those who live with married parents.出自-2017年6月阅读原文Many have argued that the women designers of this time were able to project their own clothing values into a new style.出自-2017年6月阅读原文In these groups, which came out of an Eastern European tradition of developing young talent, professors teach promising K-12 students advanced mathematics for several hours after school or on weekends.出自-2017年6月阅读原文If you look at a lot of low-income communities in the United States, there are programs that are serving them, but they're primarily centered around ‘Let's get these kids' grades up,' and not around ‘Let's get these kids access to the same kinds of opportunities as more-affluent kids,' said Daniel Zaharopol, the founder and executive director of the program.出自-2017年6月阅读原文Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $60 a barrel by 2019, support this view.出自-2017年6月阅读原文Designer sportswear would have to be verified by a standard other than that of pure beauty; the emulation of a designer's life in designer sportswear was a crude version of this relationship.出自-2017年6月阅读原文Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas oil is used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked.出自-2017年6月阅读原文At this time there is nothing to take action on since the analysis has yet to be completed.出自-2017年6月阅读原文After the high-pressure Countdown round at this year's national MathCounts competition, in which the top 12 students went head to head solving complex problems in rapid fire, the finalists for the Math Video Challenge took the stage to show their videos.出自-2017年6月阅读原文With us to talk about the findings in this study is Washington Post columnist Kevin Blackistone.出自-2017年6月听力原文This lawyer had fallen victim to the don’ts syndrome—a form of negative goals setting.出自-2017年6月听力原文This is the reason you are here in a university.出自-2017年6月听力原文Retailers make the most money this time of a year, about 20 to 30 percent of annual revenue.出自-2017年6月听力原文If you think this does not apply to you, then here is a simple test to show you are wrong.出自-2017年6月听力原文I don’t want them to suspect this is my first trial.出自-2017年6月听力原文Can you tell us how you first became interested in this subject matter?( ' , 9 ) Wh e n f a c i n g a n e w situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst.出自-2017年6月听力原文And, apparently, that day has come because seemingly routine operations such as knee replacements are now much more hazardous due to the looming threat of these infections.出自-2017年6月听力原文Why, then, has this claim become so popular?Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations.出自-2016年6月阅读原文When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing disease-causing bacteria, as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed.出自-2016年6月阅读原文We, of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.出自-2016年6月阅读原文We are very proud of our accomplishments under the Greenlist system and we believe that we will prevail in these cases, Christopher Beard, director of public affairs for SC Johnson, said, while acknowledging that this has been an area that is difficult to navigate.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers ( ' , 下水道).出自-2016年6月阅读原文This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care.出自-2016年6月阅读原文This requires open investments to help doctors convert.出自-2016年6月阅读原文This proposal could save Medicare more than $100 billion over the next decade.出自-2016年6月阅读原文This isn't a battle between garment workers and greedy bosses.出自-2016年6月阅读原文This is really about trying to cut through the confusion that consumers have when they are buying a product and that businesses have when they are selling a product, said Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the commission.出自-2016年6月阅读原文This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience.出自-2016年6月阅读原文These days, nobody needs to cook.出自-2016年6月阅读原文The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world, read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.出自-2016年6月阅读原文The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Still, it is true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium ( ' , 千年).出自-2016年6月阅读原文So what you need to know is that there's no evidence whatsoever to back these claims.出自-2016年6月阅读原文One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this ecological overshoot of the human economy, and found that we are using 1.2 Earth's-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Not many young people eligible for voting are interested in local or national elections these days.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it: You won't see this kitchen anywhere else in the world.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate ( ' , 前列腺) cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors? The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort.出自-2016年6月阅读原文If this is not happening today, we should ask why.出自-2016年6月阅读原文If our economies are to flourish, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world's people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year's Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.出自-2016年6月阅读原文For the most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care.出自-2016年6月阅读原文Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals ( ' , though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish ( ' , 拉帮结派的) environment of high school).出自-2016年6月阅读原文By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, The kids are alright.出自-2016年6月阅读原文But missing from all these data is the sense that today's young care very much about their country, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society.出自-2016年6月阅读原文But is this right? Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous.出自-2016年6月阅读原文But don't bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view.出自-2016年6月阅读原文BrightLine iTV, which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year.出自-2016年6月阅读原文As a result, the bills do not require, as they should, that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare.出自-2016年6月阅读原文As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded, Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days is contained in these measures.出自-2016年6月阅读原文And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word environment has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.出自-2016年6月阅读原文About once a week, I have a client that will bring up a new certification I've never even heard of and I'm in this industry, said Kevin Wilhelm, chief executive officer of Sustainable Business Consulting.出自-2016年6月阅读原文A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year.出自-2016年6月阅读原文We need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use, says Fred Nowuski of the National Museum of the American Indian, We are making progress but money needs to be spent on revitalising languages, not just documenting them.出自-2016年6月听力原文These catastrophic events caused more than 1.5 trillion dollars in economic losses.出自-2016年6月听力原文The report warnsthe picture on wages is likely to get worse this year despite indications of an economic rebound.出自-2016年6月听力原文The other thing that people do forget is that these are medicines, so they do have an impact.出自-2016年6月听力原文The other thing is that a lot of these supplements aren’t necessarily what they claim to be, and you really have to be wary when you take any of them.出自-2016年6月听力原文Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now.出自-2016年6月听力原文Researchers at Duke University scrutinized more than 160 published studies and found an absence of strong evidence that any of these approaches can make a big difference.出自-2016年6月听力原文People don’t just go in a local grocery store and buy these supplements.出自-2016年6月听力原文Is there really a magic memory pill or a herbal recall remedy? I have been frequently asked if these memory supplements work.出自-2016年6月听力原文Earlier this year, British explorer Hadow and his team trekked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, taking measurements and recording observations about the ice.出自-2016年6月听力原文And that’s not really the way they’re used in this country.出自-2016年6月听力原文With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already.出自-2016年12月阅读原文While yoga and meditation ( ' , 静思 ) are scientifically proven to reduce stress levels, these programs do little to target the root causes of burnout and disengagement.出自-2016年12月阅读原文We've held on to this workday structure – but thanks to our digital devices, many employees never really clock out.出自-2016年12月阅读原文We have to understand and think about the implications, and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them.出自-2016年12月阅读原文This year's electronics show featured the presence of many officials from the federal government.出自-2016年12月阅读原文This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.出自-2016年12月阅读原文This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations.出自-2016年12月阅读原文This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.出自-2016年12月阅读原文This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s.出自-2016年12月阅读原文These less- stressed workers gained an average of 62 minutes per week of productivity.出自-2016年12月阅读原文These factors have converged to create an increasingly impossible situation with many employees overworking to the point of burnout.出自-2016年12月阅读原文There is an incompatibility in the rate at which these are advancing relative to the way we're digesting it, he said.出自-2016年12月阅读原文Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.出自-2016年12月阅读原文The research stations on King George lsland offer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain, Australia and New Zealand.出自-2016年12月阅读原文The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group.出自-2016年12月阅读原文The goal of keeping global temperature rise well below 2 ℃ is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.出自-2016年12月阅读原文That, too, explains the heavy Washington presence at this year's show, as these new technologies intrude upon heavily regulated areas.出自-2016年12月阅读原文Still, as impressive as all this is, it may be trivial compared with what comes next.出自-2016年12月阅读原文A latest study on the college job market showed that employers wanted to hire 22% fewer graduates this year than last.2016年高考英语全国卷1 听力原文A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.2018年高考英语北京卷阅读理解阅读A 原文A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.2016年高考英语北京卷完形填空原文A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.2016年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解阅读D 原文A t-shirt like this is much cheaper on the Internet.2015年高考英语湖南卷听力原文About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.2018年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解阅读B 原文Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers.2015年高考英语四川卷阅读理解阅读C 原文After climbing up a hill for a panoramic view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.2017年高考英语天津卷阅读理解阅读B 原文After de-layering in this way, a company may be left with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public.2016年高考英语上海卷完形填空原文All around the world, we can see the consequences of this throwaway lifestyle.2015年高考英语安徽卷完形填空原文All of this makes the actions of the homeless tom smith even more remarkable.2018年高考英语北京卷完形填空原文All these elements of office design are related.2015年高考英语上海卷选词填空原文All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18.2018年高考英语北京卷阅读理解阅读B 原文Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.2017年高考英语北京卷阅读理解阅读C 原文Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice.2015年高考英语江苏卷阅读理解阅读C 原文Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct.2019年高考英语江苏卷阅读理解阅读B 原文Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.2015年高考英语湖南卷单项选择原文An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human "be watchful and monitoring the road" at every moment.2017年高考英语天津卷阅读理解阅读C 原文An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: a man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street.2015年高考英语湖南卷阅读理解阅读B 原文And I could not understand the news on the television or movies or anything like this.2018年高考英语全国卷I 听力原文And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony of the French republic since 1946.2016年高考英语四川卷阅读理解阅读C 原文And you're interested in this job?2014年高考英语全国卷1 听力原文Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and their use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words learned/learnt this way in conversations almost automatically.2017年高考英语浙江卷（11月）语法填空原文Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.2018年高考英语天津卷阅读理解阅读表达原文Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: all you need to do is focus on one thing?2014年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解阅读C 原文Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.2019年高考英语北京卷阅读理解阅读C 原文Art students making a good living with these statistics/data/analyses in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have an alternative plan.2018年高考英语江苏卷阅读理解填空题原文As a matter of fact, we can see this principle at work in people of all ages.2014年高考英语全国卷1 完形填空原文As children, we thought very little about these educational wonders.2015年高考英语福建卷阅读理解阅读B 原文As I type this, I am in my university dorm room.2016年高考英语浙江卷（6月）阅读理解七选五原文As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.2018年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解阅读C 原文As Tolstoy once said, "one can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work."2016年高考英语天津卷阅读理解阅读C 原文As you go through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through world war ii had a different experience.2015年高考英语湖南卷单项选择原文At age five, this dull task brought me such joy.2015年高考英语陕西卷完形填空原文At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.2019年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解阅读C 原文At the bottom of the paper were these words:" see what you can do when you keep trying? "2015年高考英语重庆卷阅读理解阅读A 原文At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.2016年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解阅读C 原文At the start of this year, foreigners living in italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in italy.2017年高考英语浙江卷（6月）阅读理解阅读C 原文At this point, when all the children were willing to share their experiences, I began to learn how to teach.2015年高考英语湖南卷完形填空原文Based upon their expressed thoughts and actual "musicking" behaviours, this text examines the songs they sing, the rhythms....2016年高考英语浙江卷（6月）阅读理解阅读B 原文Basically, it's "I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA".2019年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解阅读D 原文Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of urgency to do my school work immediately.2018年高考英语浙江卷完形填空原文Because of that, this part of my trip has become more pleasant.2017年高考英语北京卷听力原文Because of the changes in the timetable, your business studies this morning won't be in room 313.2016年高考英语北京卷听力原文Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.2019年高考英语北京卷阅读理解阅读D 原文Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs.2015年高考英语安徽卷阅读理解阅读D 原文Biologist Kristin says the plan is to see how the birds respond to the multi-colored road this summer.2019年高考英语全国卷I 听力原文Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.2015年高考英语四川卷阅读理解阅读E 原文Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.2016年高考英语四川卷阅读理解七选五原文Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.2015年高考英语湖北卷阅读理解阅读E 原文But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.2018年高考英语北京卷阅读理解阅读C 原文But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success.2015年高考英语陕西卷阅读理解阅读B 原文But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.2014年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解阅读D 原文But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.2017年高考英语江苏卷完形填空原文But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creature.2019年高考英语江苏卷阅读理解任务型阅读原文But I don't think we can get the tickets this late.2018年高考英语全国卷2 听力原文But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.2019年高考英语北京卷阅读理解阅读D 原文But not of this quality, madam.2015年高考英语湖南卷听力原文But one difference: fewer of this year's graduates have started to search for jobs.2016年高考英语全国卷1 听力原文But sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.2018年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解阅读B 原文But this time, I noticed something different.2015年高考英语陕西卷完形填空原文But through all this, Hannah still has the normal life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.2017年高考英语北京卷完形填空原文But we have to wait in line to pay for these things we need.2017年高考英语全国卷2 听力原文But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.2017年高考英语浙江卷（6月）阅读理解七选五原文By the time these "solutions" become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.2019年高考英语北京卷阅读理解阅读C 原文Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would make her home look tidy.2015年高考英语湖南卷阅读理解阅读C 题设Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways.2018年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解七选五原文Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts.2015年高考英语湖北卷阅读理解阅读E 原文Dartmoor has 1, 000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area.2015年高考英语湖北卷阅读理解阅读A 原文Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.2015年高考英语北京卷阅读理解单项填空原文During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks.2017年高考英语天津卷阅读理解阅读C 原文Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.2015年高考英语安徽卷阅读理解阅读E 原文Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.2016年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解阅读B 原文Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.2018年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解七选五原文Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization.2015年高考英语安徽卷阅读理解阅读D 原文Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought (干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.2016年高考英语上海卷阅读理解阅读B 原文Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy.2017年高考英语北京卷阅读理解七选五原文Everything they know about you came through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away.2016年高考英语全国卷2 完形填空原文Evidence from the sand supports this idea.2015年高考英语四川卷阅读理解阅读E 原文Excuse me, but I think this seat — 16C — is mine.2015年高考英语湖北卷听力原文Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.2017年高考英语天津卷阅读理解阅读A 原文Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.2018年高考英语浙江卷阅读理解阅读B 原文Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data.2017年高考英语江苏卷阅读理解阅读C 原文Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently.2017年高考英语江苏卷阅读理解阅读D 原文Finally, I'd like to remind you that there will be several parent's evenings during this term.2015年高考英语北京卷听力原文Fine food with beautiful Jazz music; this is a great evening out.2016年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解阅读A 原文For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable.2015年高考英语江苏卷任务型阅读原文For busy librarians and educators, finding instructions for projects, activities, sports, and games that children and teens will find interesting is a constant challenge, this guide is a time-saving, one-stop....2016年高考英语浙江卷（6月）阅读理解阅读B 原文For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.2015年高考英语天津卷阅读理解阅读B 原文For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.2017年高考英语浙江卷（6月）阅读理解七选五原文For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead.2017年高考英语北京卷阅读理解阅读D 原文For the people of brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom.2015年高考英语上海卷阅读理解阅读A 原文For this courier job, you're consciously aware than that box you're got something that is potentially going to save somebody's life.2016年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解阅读C 原文For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.2018年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解阅读B 原文For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.2015年高考英语江苏卷任务型阅读原文For your safety, never tamper with these systems.2018年高考英语天津卷阅读理解阅读A 原文Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.2015年高考英语陕西卷阅读理解阅读B 原文Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.2014年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解七选五选项Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250, 000 living in its capital, Cayenne.2016年高考英语四川卷阅读理解阅读C 原文These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.出自-2009年考研翻译原文The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account.出自-2009年考研翻译原文Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.出自-2009年考研翻译原文Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.出自-2009年考研翻译原文It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.出自-2009年考研翻译原文If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.出自-2009年考研翻译原文To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect.出自-2009年考研阅读原文This theory was known as diffusionism.出自-2009年考研阅读原文This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results.出自-2009年考研阅读原文This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.出自-2009年考研阅读原文This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.出自-2009年考研阅读原文Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.出自-2009年考研阅读原文Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States.出自-2009年考研阅读原文In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.出自-2009年考研阅读原文Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.出自-2010年考研翻译原文When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance.出自-2010年考研翻译原文Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless"species.出自-2010年考研翻译原文It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today.出自-2010年考研翻译原文Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influcencing their friends and colleagues directly.出自-2010年考研阅读原文This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent.出自-2010年考研阅读原文These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.出自-2010年考研阅读原文These men believed in journalism as a calling,and were proud to be published in the daily press.出自-2010年考研阅读原文These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement.出自-2010年考研阅读原文The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong.出自-2010年考研阅读原文Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”： hotels, restaurants and cafes.出自-2010年考研阅读原文Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.出自-2010年考研阅读原文However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers ( ' , and even some large food producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.出自-2010年考研阅读原文For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.出自-2010年考研阅读原文Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors.出自-2010年考研阅读原文At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.出自-2010年考研阅读原文Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.出自-2010年考研阅读原文All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence.出自-2010年考研阅读原文This ，however， would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument.出自-2011年考研翻译原文This seems a justification for neglect of those in need， and a rationalization of exploitation， of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.出自-2011年考研翻译原文However， Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind， and while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone， in reality we are continually faced with a question： “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that？ ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire， Allen concluded ： “ We do not attract what we want， but what we are.出自-2011年考研翻译原文Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter， we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless； this allows us to think one way and act another.出自-2011年考研翻译原文Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.出自-2011年考研阅读原文This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.出自-2011年考研阅读原文This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs.出自-2011年考研阅读原文These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English.出自-2011年考研阅读原文The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.出自-2011年考研阅读原文Besides professionalising the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor.出自-2011年考研阅读原文This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.出自-2012年考研翻译原文The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar.出自-2012年考研翻译原文Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals.出自-2012年考研翻译原文In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science.出自-2012年考研翻译原文In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything-a single generative equation for all we see.出自-2012年考研翻译原文Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process.出自-2012年考研阅读原文This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime.出自-2012年考研阅读原文This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.出自-2012年考研阅读原文This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.出自-2012年考研阅读原文One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.出自-2012年考研阅读原文Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human.出自-2012年考研阅读原文This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foremer becomes all the more urgent.出自-2013年考研翻译原文There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.出自-2013年考研翻译原文One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T.出自-2013年考研翻译原文It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.出自-2013年考研翻译原文Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us.出自-2013年考研翻译原文Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today's global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.出自-2013年考研阅读原文Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.出自-2013年考研阅读原文This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category.出自-2013年考研阅读原文This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.出自-2013年考研阅读原文This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.出自-2013年考研阅读原文This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction.出自-2013年考研阅读原文This is a shame--he community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world.出自-2013年考研阅读原文This has resulted in protests from social scientists.出自-2013年考研阅读原文These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.出自-2013年考研阅读原文These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development.出自-2013年考研阅读原文The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers.出自-2013年考研阅读原文The trick is to direct these funds better.出自-2013年考研阅读原文However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.出自-2013年考研阅读原文Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.出自-2013年考研阅读原文Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems.出自-2013年考研阅读原文By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.出自-2013年考研阅读原文Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.出自-2013年考研阅读原文This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music.出自-2014年考研翻译原文I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.出自-2014年考研翻译原文“We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness.出自-2014年考研阅读原文You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels.出自-2014年考研阅读原文This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100, 000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts.出自-2014年考研阅读原文This keeps fees high and innovation slow.出自-2014年考研阅读原文These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.出自-2014年考研阅读原文There are many reasons for this.出自-2014年考研阅读原文The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March.出自-2014年考研阅读原文The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.出自-2014年考研阅读原文But these sites are exceptions to the norm.出自-2014年考研阅读原文At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world.出自-2014年考研阅读原文This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.出自-2015年考研翻译原文These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft.出自-2015年考研翻译原文These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.出自-2015年考研翻译原文The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.出自-2015年考研翻译原文This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.出自-2015年考研阅读原文This long story still unfolds.出自-2015年考研阅读原文This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking.出自-2015年考研阅读原文This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.出自-2015年考研阅读原文This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless.出自-2015年考研阅读原文The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.出自-2015年考研阅读原文Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish.出自-2015年考研阅读原文It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized.出自-2015年考研阅读原文In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.出自-2015年考研阅读原文收起真题例句词组搭配this and that (或 this, that, and the other)(informal)various unspecified things(非正式)各种事情；各样东西；各种活动they stayed up chatting about this and that.他们彻夜未眠，聊着各种事情。this here(informal)used to draw attention emphatically to someone or something(非正式)我在这张床上睡了40年I've slept in this here bed for forty years.收起词组搭配反义词pron.这,这个that其他释义that行业词典法律该常用俚语this is it 1(表示同意对方的话)是这样!就是这个!说得对!This is it! The world's best pizza!就是这个!天下最好的比萨饼!(表示面临严酷、危急或关键时刻)大事不好了!不可避免的事情终于发生了!准备对付最坏的局面!Okay, this is it, the last chance!好，这是关键时刻，最后的机会!Get ready, this is it! Jump now!准备好，大难临头了!现在跳!释义词态变化实用场景例句真题例句词组搭配反义词行业词典常

C++ 中的 this 指针 | 菜鸟教程

菜鸟教程 -- 学的不仅是技术，更是梦想！

首页

HTML

CSS

JavaScript

Vue

Bootstrap

NodeJS

Python3

Python2

Java

C++

SQL

Linux

jQuery

本地书签

首页

HTML

CSS

本地书签

Python3 教程

Python2 教程

Vue3 教程

vue2 教程

Bootstrap3 教程

Bootstrap4 教程

Bootstrap5 教程

Bootstrap2 教程

C++ 教程

C++ 简介

C++ 环境设置

C++ 基本语法

C++ 注释

C++ 数据类型

C++ 变量类型

C++ 变量作用域

C++ 常量

C++ 修饰符类型

C++ 存储类

C++ 运算符

C++ 循环

C++ 判断

C++ 函数

C++ 数字

C++ 数组

C++ 字符串

C++ 指针

C++ 引用

C++ 日期 & 时间

C++ 基本的输入输出

C++ 数据结构

C++ 面向对象

C++ 类 & 对象

C++ 继承

C++ 重载运算符和重载函数

C++ 多态

C++ 数据抽象

C++ 数据封装

C++ 接口（抽象类）

C++ 高级教程

C++ 文件和流

C++ 异常处理

C++ 动态内存

C++ 命名空间

C++ 模板

C++ 预处理器

C++ 信号处理

C++ 多线程

C++ Web 编程

C++ 资源库

C++ STL 教程

C++ 标准库

C++ 有用的资源

C++ 实例

C++ 测验

C++ 内联函数

C++ 中指向类的指针

C++ this 指针

C++ 类 & 对象

在 C++ 中，this 指针是一个特殊的指针，它指向当前对象的实例。

在 C++ 中，每一个对象都能通过 this 指针来访问自己的地址。

this是一个隐藏的指针，可以在类的成员函数中使用，它可以用来指向调用对象。

当一个对象的成员函数被调用时，编译器会隐式地传递该对象的地址作为 this 指针。

友元函数没有 this 指针，因为友元不是类的成员，只有成员函数才有 this 指针。

下面的实例有助于更好地理解 this 指针的概念：

实例 #include

class MyClass {

private:

int value;

public:

void setValue(int value) {

this->value = value;

}

void printValue() {

std::cout << "Value: " << this->value << std::endl;

}

};

int main() {

MyClass obj;

obj.setValue(42);

obj.printValue();

return 0;

}

以上代码执行输出结果为：

Value: 42

实例解析：

以上实例中，我们定义了一个名为 MyClass 的类，它有一个私有成员变量 value。

类中的 setValue() 函数用于设置 value的值，而 printValue() 函数用于打印 value 的值。

在 setValue() 函数中，我们使用 this 指针来引用当前对象的成员变量 value，并将传入的值赋给它，这样可以明确地告诉编译器我们想要访问当前对象的成员变量，而不是函数参数或局部变量。

在 printValue() 函数中，我们同样使用 this 指针来引用当前对象的成员变量 value，并将其打印出来。

在 main() 函数中，我们创建了一个 MyClass 的对象 obj，然后使用 setValue() 函数设置 value 的值为 42，并通过 printValue() 函数打印出来。

通过使用 this 指针，我们可以在成员函数中访问当前对象的成员变量，即使它们与函数参数或局部变量同名，这样可以避免命名冲突，并确保我们访问的是正确的变量。

更多实例

以下实例用于比较长方体的体积：

实例

#include

using namespace std;

class Box

{

public:

// 构造函数定义

Box(double l=2.0, double b=2.0, double h=2.0)

{

cout <<"调用构造函数。" << endl;

length = l;

breadth = b;

height = h;

}

double Volume()

{

return length * breadth * height;

}

int compare(Box box)

{

return this->Volume() > box.Volume();

}

private:

double length; // 宽度

double breadth; // 长度

double height; // 高度

};

int main(void)

{

Box Box1(3.3, 1.2, 1.5); // 声明 box1

Box Box2(8.5, 6.0, 2.0); // 声明 box2

if(Box1.compare(Box2))

{

cout << "Box2 的体积比 Box1 小" <

}

else

{

cout << "Box2 的体积大于或等于 Box1" <

}

return 0;

}

当上面的代码被编译和执行时，它会产生下列结果：

调用构造函数。

Box2 的体积大于或等于 Box1

C++ 类 & 对象

C++ 内联函数

C++ 中指向类的指针

2 篇笔记

写笔记

#0 isee_nh 140***4009@qq.com 421C++ Primer Page 258

引入 this：

当我们调用成员函数时，实际上是替某个对象调用它。

成员函数通过一个名为 this 的额外隐式参数来访问调用它的那个对象，当我们调用一个成员函数时，用请求该函数的对象地址初始化 this。例如，如果调用 total.isbn()则编译器负责把 total 的地址传递给 isbn 的隐式形参 this，可以等价地认为编译器将该调用重写成了以下形式：

//伪代码，用于说明调用成员函数的实际执行过程

Sales_data::isbn(&total)

其中，调用 Sales_data 的 isbn 成员时传入了 total 的地址。

在成员函数内部，我们可以直接使用调用该函数的对象的成员，而无须通过成员访问运算符来做到这一点，因为 this 所指的正是这个对象。任何对类成员的直接访问都被看作是对 this 的隐式引用，也就是说，当 isbn 使用 bookNo 时，它隐式地使用 this 指向的成员，就像我们书写了 this->bookNo 一样。

对于我们来说，this 形参是隐式定义的。实际上，任何自定义名为 this 的参数或变量的行为都是非法的。我们可以在成员函数体内部使用 this，因此尽管没有必要，我们还是能把 isbn 定义成如下形式：

std::string isbn() const { return this->bookNo; }

因为 this 的目的总是指向“这个”对象，所以 this 是一个常量指针（参见2.4.2节，第56页），我们不允许改变 this 中保存的地址。isee_nh isee_nh 140***4009@qq.com6年前 (2018-05-01)

#0 TO_oTR to_***@163.com 181#include

using namespace std;

class Box{

public:

Box(){;}

~Box(){;}

Box* get_address() //得到this的地址

{

return this;

}

};

int main(){

Box box1;

Box box2;

// Box* 定义指针p接受对象box的get_address()成员函数的返回值，并打印

Box* p = box1.get_address();

cout << p << endl;

p = box2.get_address();

cout << p << endl;

return 0;

}

this 指针的类型可理解为 Box*。

此时得到两个地址分别为 box1 和 box2 对象的地址。TO_oTR TO_oTR to_***@163.com6年前 (2018-09-30)

点我分享笔记

取消

分享笔记

昵称昵称 (必填)

邮箱邮箱 (必填)

引用地址引用地址

分类导航

反馈/建议

在线实例

·HTML 实例

·CSS 实例

·JavaScript 实例

·Ajax 实例

·jQuery 实例

·XML 实例

·Java 实例

字符集&工具

· HTML 字符集设置

· HTML ASCII 字符集

· JS 混淆/加密

· PNG/JPEG 图片压缩

· HTML 拾色器

· JSON 格式化工具

· 随机数生成器

彻底搞懂JavaScript中的this指向问题 - 知乎

彻底搞懂JavaScript中的this指向问题 - 知乎首发于西岭老湿切换模式写文章登录/注册彻底搞懂JavaScript中的this指向问题西岭老湿高级前端架构师，拉勾网前端技术专家，星海技术团团长JavaScript中的this是让很多开发者头疼的地方，而this关键字又是一个非常重要的语法点。毫不夸张地说，不理解它的含义，大部分开发任务都无法完成。想要理解this，你可以先记住以下两点：1：this永远指向一个对象；2：this的指向完全取决于函数调用的位置；针对以上的第一点特别好理解，不管在什么地方使用this，它必然会指向某个对象；确定了第一点后，也引出了一个问题，就是this使用的地方到底在哪里，而第二点就解释了这个问题，但关键是在JavaScript语言之中，一切皆对象，运行环境也是对象，所以函数都是在某个对象下运行，而this就是函数运行时所在的对象（环境）。这本来并不会让我们糊涂，但是JavaScript支持运行环境动态切换，也就是说，this的指向是动态的，很难事先确定到底指向哪个对象，这才是最让我们感到困惑的地方。先看原理function fun(){

console.log(this.s);

}

var obj = {

s:'1',

f:fun

}

var s = '2';

obj.f(); //1

fun(); //2

上述代码中，fun函数被调用了两次，显而易见的是两次的结果不一样；很多人都会这样解释，obj.f()的调用中，因为运行环境在obj对象内，因此函数中的this指向对象obj;而在全局作用域下调用 fun() ，函数中的 this 就会指向全局作用域对象window;但是大部分人不会告诉你，this的指向为什么会发生改变，this指向的改变到底是什么时候发生的；而搞懂了这些，this的使用才不会出现意外；首先我们应该知道，在JS中，数组、函数、对象都是引用类型，在参数传递时也就是引用传递；上面的代码中，obj 对象有两个属性，但是属性的值类型是不同的，在内存中的表现形式也是不同的；调用时就成了这个样子：因为函数在js中既可以当做值传递和返回，也可当做对象和构造函数，所有函数在运行时需要确定其当前的运行环境，this就出生了，所以，this会根据运行环境的改变而改变，同时，函数中的this也只能在运行时才能最终确定运行环境；再来看下面的代码，你可能会更加理解this对于运行环境的动态切换规则：var A = {

f: function () {

console.log('姓名：' + this.name);

}

};

var B = {

};

B.f = A.f;

B.f() // 姓名：李四

A.f() // 姓名：张三

上面代码中，A.f属性被赋给B.f，也就是A对象将匿名函数的地址赋值给B对象；那么在调用时，函数分别根据运行环境的不同，指向对象A和B function foo() {

console.log(this.a);

}

var obj2 = {

a: 2,

fn: foo

};

var obj1 = {

a: 1,

o1: obj2

};

obj1.o1.fn(); // 2

obj1对象的o1属性值是obj2对象的地址，而obj2对象的fn属性的值是函数foo的地址；函数foo的调用环境是在obj2中的，因此this指向对象obj2;那么接下来，我们对this使用最频繁的几种情况做一个总结，最常见的基本就是以下5种：对象中的方法，事件绑定，构造函数，定时器，函数对象的call()、apply() 方法；上面在讲解this原理是，我们使用对象的方法中的this来说明的，在此就不重复讲解了，不懂的同学们，请返回去重新阅读；事件绑定中的this事件绑定共有三种方式：行内绑定、动态绑定、事件监听；行内绑定的两种情况：

行内绑定事件的语法是在html节点内，以节点属性的方式绑定，属性名是事件名称前面加'on'，属性的值则是一段可执行的 JS 代码段；而属性值最常见的就是一个函数调用；当事件触发时，属性值就会作为JS代码被执行，当前运行环境下没有clickFun函数，因此浏览器就需要跳出当前运行环境，在整个环境中寻找一个叫clickFun的函数并执行这个函数，所以函数内部的this就指向了全局对象window；如果不是一个函数调用，直接在当前节点对象环境下使用this，那么显然this就会指向当前节点对象；动态绑定与事件监听：

因为动态绑定的事件本就是为节点对象的属性(事件名称前面加'on')重新赋值为一个匿名函数，因此函数在执行时就是在节点对象的环境下，this自然就指向了本节点对象；事件监听中this指向的原理与动态绑定基本一致，所以不再阐述；构造函数中的thisfunction Pro(){

this.x = '1';

this.y = function(){};

}

var p = new Pro();

对于接触过 JS 面向对象编程的同学来说，上面的代码和图示基本都能看懂，new 一个构造函数并执行函数内部代码的过程就是这个五个步骤，当 JS 引擎指向到第3步的时候，会强制的将this指向新创建出来的这个对象；基本不需要理解，因为这本就是 JS 中的语法规则，记住就可以了；window定时器中的thisvar obj = {

fun:function(){

this ;

}

setInterval(obj.fun,1000); // this指向window对象

setInterval('obj.fun()',1000); // this指向obj对象

setInterval() 是window对象下内置的一个方法，接受两个参数，第一个参数允许是一个函数或者是一段可执行的 JS 代码，第二个参数则是执行前面函数或者代码的时间间隔；在上面的代码中，setInterval(obj.fun,1000) 的第一个参数是obj对象的fun ，因为 JS 中函数可以被当做值来做引用传递，实际就是将这个函数的地址当做参数传递给了 setInterval 方法，换句话说就是 setInterval 的第一参数接受了一个函数，那么此时1000毫秒后，函数的运行就已经是在window对象下了，也就是函数的调用者已经变成了window对象，所以其中的this则指向的全局window对象；而在 setInterval('obj.fun()',1000) 中的第一个参数，实际则是传入的一段可执行的 JS 代码；1000毫秒后当 JS 引擎来执行这段代码时，则是通过 obj 对象来找到 fun 函数并调用执行，那么函数的运行环境依然在对象 obj 内，所以函数内部的this也就指向了 obj 对象；函数对象的call()、apply() 方法函数作为对象提供了call()，apply() 方法，他们也可以用来调用函数，这两个方法都接受一个对象作为参数，用来指定本次调用时函数中this的指向；call()方法call方法使用的语法规则函数名称.call(obj,arg1,arg2...argN);参数说明:obj:函数内this要指向的对象,arg1,arg2...argN :参数列表，参数与参数之间使用一个逗号隔开var lisi = {names:'lisi'};

var zs = {names:'zhangsan'};

function f(age){

console.log(this.names);

console.log(age);

}

f(23);//undefined

//将f函数中的this指向固定到对象zs上；

f.call(zs,32);//zhangsan

apply()方法函数名称.apply(obj,[arg1,arg2...,argN])参数说明:obj :this要指向的对象[arg1,arg2...argN] : 参数列表，要求格式为数组var lisi = {name:'lisi'};

var zs = {name:'zhangsan'};

function f(age,sex){

console.log(this.name+age+sex);

}

//将f函数中的this指向固定到对象zs上；

f.apply(zs,[23,'nan']);

注意：call和apply的作用一致，区别仅仅在函数实参参数传递的方式上；这个两个方法的最大作用基本就是用来强制指定函数调用时this的指向；编辑于 2019-11-13 21:08JavaScript原生 JavaScriptthis 指针赞同 2924 条评论分享喜欢收藏申请转载文章被以下专栏收录西岭老湿高级前端架构师，拉勾网前端技术专家，星海技

this - JavaScript | MDN

- JavaScript | MDNSkip to main contentSkip to searchSkip to select languageMDN Web DocsOpen main menuReferencesReferencesOverview / Web TechnologyWeb technology reference for developersHTMLStructure of content on the webCSSCode used to describe document styleJavaScriptGeneral-purpose scripting languageHTTPProtocol for transmitting web resourcesWeb APIsInterfaces for building web applicationsWeb ExtensionsDeveloping extensions for web browsersWeb TechnologyWeb technology reference for developersGuidesGuidesOverview / MDN Learning AreaLearn web developmentMDN Learning AreaLearn web developmentHTMLLearn to structure web content with HTMLCSSLearn to style content using CSSJavaScriptLearn to run scripts in the browserAccessibilityLearn to make the web accessible to allPlusPlusOverviewA customized MDN experienceAI Help (beta)Get real-time assistance and supportUpdatesAll browser compatibility updates at a glanceDocumentationLearn how to use MDN PlusFAQFrequently asked questions about MDN PlusCurriculumNewBlogPlayAI Help BetaSearch MDNClear search inputSearchThemeLog inSign up for freeWeb 开发技术JavaScriptJavaScript 参考表达式和运算符thisArticle Actions中文 (简体)此页面由社区从英文翻译而来。了解更多并加入 MDN Web Docs 社区。Filter sidebarClear filter inputIn this article尝试一下语法描述示例规范浏览器兼容性参见

JavaScript

教程

快速入门

JavaScript 基础知识

JavaScript 第一步

构建 JavaScript 代码块

介绍 JavaScript 对象

JavaScript 指南

介绍

语法和数据类型

流程控制与错误处理

循环与迭代

函数

表达式与运算符

数字和日期

文本格式化

正则表达式

索引集合类

带键的集合

使用对象

使用类

使用 Promise

JavaScript 类型化数组

迭代器和生成器

元编程

JavaScript 模块

中级

客户端 JavaScript 框架

客户端 Web API

语言概述

JavaScript 数据结构

如何正确判断相等性

属性的可枚举性和所有权

闭包

高级

继承和原型链

内存管理

并发模型与事件循环

参考

内置对象

概述AggregateErrorArrayArrayBufferAsyncFunctionAsyncGeneratorAsyncGeneratorFunctionAsyncIteratorAtomicsBigIntBigInt64ArrayBigUint64ArrayBooleanDataViewDatedecodeURI()decodeURIComponent()encodeURI()encodeURIComponent()Errorescape()

已弃用

eval()EvalErrorFinalizationRegistryFloat32ArrayFloat64ArrayFunctionGeneratorGeneratorFunctionglobalThisInfinityInt16ArrayInt32ArrayInt8ArrayInternalError

非标准

IntlisFinite()isNaN()IteratorJSONMapMathNaNNumberObjectparseFloat()parseInt()PromiseProxyRangeErrorReferenceErrorReflectRegExpSetSharedArrayBufferStringSymbolSyntaxErrorTypedArrayTypeErrorUint16ArrayUint32ArrayUint8ArrayUint8ClampedArrayundefinedunescape()

已弃用

URIErrorWeakMapWeakRefWeakSet

表达式和运算符

概述Addition (+)Addition assignment (+=)Assignment (=)async function expressionasync function* expressionawaitBitwise AND (&)Bitwise AND assignment (&=)Bitwise NOT (~)Bitwise OR (|)Bitwise OR assignment (|=)Bitwise XOR (^)Bitwise XOR assignment (^=)class expressionComma operator (,)Conditional (ternary) operatorDecrement (--)deleteDestructuring assignmentDivision (/)Division assignment (/=)Equality (==)Exponentiation (**)Exponentiation assignment (**=)function expressionfunction* expressionGreater than (>)Greater than or equal (>=)Grouping operator ( )import.metaimport()inIncrement (++)Inequality (!=)instanceofLeft shift (<<)Left shift assignment (<<=)Less than (<)Less than or equal (<=)Logical AND (&&)Logical AND assignment (&&=)Logical NOT (!)Logical OR (||)Logical OR assignment (||=)Multiplication (*)Multiplication assignment (*=)newnew.targetnullNullish coalescing assignment (??=)Nullish coalescing operator (??)Object initializerOperator precedenceOptional chaining (?.)Property accessorsRemainder (%)Remainder assignment (%=)Right shift (>>)Right shift assignment (>>=)Spread syntax (...)Strict equality (===)Strict inequality (!==)Subtraction (-)Subtraction assignment (-=)superthistypeofUnary negation (-)Unary plus (+)Unsigned right shift (>>>)Unsigned right shift assignment (>>>=)void operatoryieldyield*

语句和声明

概述async functionasync function*Block statementbreakclassconstcontinuedebuggerdo...whileEmpty statementexportExpression statementforfor await...offor...infor...offunctionfunction*if...elseimportLabeled statementletreturnswitchthrowtry...catchvarwhilewith

已弃用

函数

概述Arrow function expressionsDefault parametersgetMethod definitionsRest parameterssetThe arguments object

类

概述constructorextendsPrivate propertiesPublic class fieldsstaticStatic initialization blocks

正则表达式

概述Backreference: \1, \2Capturing group: (...)Character class escape: \d, \D, \w, \W, \s, \SCharacter class: [...], [^...]Character escape: \n, \u{...}Disjunction: |Input boundary assertion: ^, $Literal character: a, bLookahead assertion: (?=...), (?!...)Lookbehind assertion: (?<=...), (?Named capturing group: (?...)Non-capturing group: (?:...)Quantifier: *, +, ?, {n}, {n,}, {n,m}Unicode character class escape: \p{...}, \P{...}Wildcard: .Word boundary assertion: \b, \B

错误

概述Error: Permission denied to access property "x"InternalError: too much recursionRangeError: argument is not a valid code pointRangeError: BigInt division by zeroRangeError: BigInt negative exponentRangeError: invalid array lengthRangeError: invalid dateRangeError: precision is out of rangeRangeError: radix must be an integerRangeError: repeat count must be less than infinityRangeError: repeat count must be non-negativeRangeError: x can't be converted to BigInt because it isn't an integerReferenceError: "x" is not definedReferenceError: assignment to undeclared variable "x"ReferenceError: can't access lexical declaration 'X' before initializationReferenceError: deprecated caller or arguments usageReferenceError: reference to undefined property "x"SyntaxError: "0"-prefixed octal literals and octal escape seq. are deprecatedSyntaxError: "use strict" not allowed in function with non-simple parametersSyntaxError: "x" is a reserved identifierSyntaxError: a declaration in the head of a for-of loop can't have an initializerSyntaxError: applying the 'delete' operator to an unqualified name is deprecatedSyntaxError: await is only valid in async functions, async generators and modulesSyntaxError: cannot use `??` unparenthesized within `||` and `&&` expressionsSyntaxError: continue must be inside loopSyntaxError: for-in loop head declarations may not have initializersSyntaxError: function statement requires a nameSyntaxError: getter and setter for private name #x should either be both static or non-staticSyntaxError: identifier starts immediately after numeric literalSyntaxError: illegal characterSyntaxError: invalid assignment left-hand sideSyntaxError: invalid BigInt syntaxSyntaxError: invalid regular expression flag "x"SyntaxError: JSON.parse: bad parsingSyntaxError: label not foundSyntaxError: missing ; before statementSyntaxError: missing : after property idSyntaxError: missing ) after argument listSyntaxError: missing ) after conditionSyntaxError: missing ] after element listSyntaxError: missing } after function bodySyntaxError: missing } after property listSyntaxError: missing = in const declarationSyntaxError: missing formal parameterSyntaxError: missing name after . operatorSyntaxError: missing variable nameSyntaxError: redeclaration of formal parameter "x"SyntaxError: return not in functionSyntaxError: test for equality (==) mistyped as assignment (=)?SyntaxError: Unexpected '#' used outside of class bodySyntaxError: Unexpected tokenSyntaxError: unlabeled break must be inside loop or switchSyntaxError: unparenthesized unary expression can't appear on the left-hand side of '**'SyntaxError: unterminated string literalSyntaxError: Using //@ to indicate sourceURL pragmas is deprecated. Use //# insteadTypeError: 'x' is not iterableTypeError: "x" has no propertiesTypeError: "x" is (not) "y"TypeError: "x" is not a constructorTypeError: "x" is not a functionTypeError: "x" is not a non-null objectTypeError: "x" is read-onlyTypeError: can't assign to property "x" on "y": not an objectTypeError: can't convert BigInt to numberTypeError: can't convert x to BigIntTypeError: can't define property "x": "obj" is not extensibleTypeError: can't delete non-configurable array elementTypeError: can't redefine non-configurable property "x"TypeError: can't set prototype: it would cause a prototype chain cycleTypeError: cannot use 'in' operator to search for 'x' in 'y'TypeError: cyclic object valueTypeError: invalid 'instanceof' operand 'x'TypeError: invalid Array.prototype.sort argumentTypeError: invalid assignment to const "x"TypeError: More arguments neededTypeError: property "x" is non-configurable and can't be deletedTypeError: Reduce of empty array with no initial valueTypeError: setting getter-only property "x"TypeError: X.prototype.y called on incompatible typeURIError: malformed URI sequenceWarning: -file- is being assigned a //# sourceMappingURL, but already has oneWarning: unreachable code after return statement

JavaScript 技术概要

词法文法

迭代协议

严格模式

模板字符串

尾后逗号

已废弃的特性

In this article尝试一下语法描述示例规范浏览器兼容性参见this与其他语言相比，函数的 this 关键字在 JavaScript 中的表现略有不同，此外，在严格模式和非严格模式之间也会有一些差别。

在绝大多数情况下，函数的调用方式决定了 this 的值（运行时绑定）。this 不能在执行期间被赋值，并且在每次函数被调用时 this 的值也可能会不同。ES5 引入了 bind 方法来设置函数的 this 值，而不用考虑函数如何被调用的。ES2015 引入了箭头函数，箭头函数不提供自身的 this 绑定（this 的值将保持为闭合词法上下文的值）。尝试一下语法this

值在非严格模式下，this 总是指向一个对象，在严格模式下可以是任意值。有关如何确定该值的更多信息，请参阅下面的描述。描述this 的值取决于它出现的上下文：函数、类或全局。函数上下文在函数内部，this 的值取决于函数如何被调用。可以将 this 看作是函数的一个隐藏参数（就像函数定义中声明的参数一样），this 是语言在函数体被执行时为你创建的绑定。

对于典型的函数，this 的值是函数被访问的对象。换句话说，如果函数调用的形式是 obj.f()，那么 this 就指向 obj。例如：

jsfunction getThis() {

return this;

}

const obj1 = { name: "obj1" };

const obj2 = { name: "obj2" };

obj1.getThis = getThis;

obj2.getThis = getThis;

console.log(obj1.getThis()); // { name: 'obj1', getThis: [Function: getThis] }

console.log(obj2.getThis()); // { name: 'obj2', getThis: [Function: getThis] }

注意，虽然函数是相同的，但是根据其调用的方式，this 的值是不同的。这与函数参数的工作方式类似。

this 的值不是拥有此函数作为自己属性的对象，而是用于调用此函数的对象。你可以通过调用对象在原型链中的方法来证明这一点。

jsconst obj3 = {

__proto__: obj1,

};

console.log(obj3.getThis()); // { name: 'obj3' }

this 的值总是根据调用函数的方式而改变，即使函数是在创建对象时定义的：

jsconst obj4 = {

getThis() {

return this;

};

const obj5 = { name: "obj5" };

obj5.getThis = obj4.getThis;

console.log(obj5.getThis()); // { name: 'obj5', getThis: [Function: getThis] }

如果方法被访问的值是一个原始值，this 也将是一个原始值——但只有当函数处于严格模式下会如此。

jsfunction getThisStrict() {

"use strict"; // 进入严格模式

return this;

}

// 仅用于演示——你不应该改变内置的原型对象

Number.prototype.getThisStrict = getThisStrict;

console.log(typeof (1).getThisStrict()); // "number"

如果函数在没有被任何东西访问的情况下被调用，this 将是 undefined——但只有在函数处于严格模式下会如此。

jsconsole.log(typeof getThisStrict()); // "undefined"

在非严格模式下，一个特殊的过程称为 this 替换确保 this 的值总是一个对象。这意味着：

如果一个函数被调用时 this 被设置为 undefined 或 null，this 会被替换为 globalThis。

如果函数被调用时 this 被设置为一个原始值，this 会被替换为原始值的包装对象。

jsfunction getThis() {

return this;

}

// 仅用于演示——你不应该修改内置的原型对象

Number.prototype.getThis = getThis;

console.log(typeof (1).getThis()); // "object"

console.log(getThis() === globalThis); // true

在典型的函数调用中，this 是通过函数的前缀（点之前的部分）隐式传递的，就像一个参数。你也可以使用 Function.prototype.call()、Function.prototype.apply() 或 Reflect.apply() 方法显式设置 this 的值。使用 Function.prototype.bind()，你可以创建一个新的函数，无论函数如何被调用，其 this 的值都不会改变。当使用这些方法时，如果函数是在非严格模式下，上述 this 替换规则仍然适用。

回调

当一个函数作为回调函数传递时，this 的值取决于如何调用回调，这由 API 的实现者决定。回调函数通常以 undefined 作为 this 的值被调用（直接调用，而不附加到任何对象上），这意味着如果函数是在非严格模式，this 的值会是全局对象（globalThis）。这在迭代数组方法、Promise() 构造函数等例子中都是适用的。

jsfunction logThis() {

"use strict";

console.log(this);

}

[1, 2, 3].forEach(logThis); // undefined、undefined、undefined

一些 API 允许你为回调函数的调用设置一个 this 值。例如，所有的迭代数组方法和相关的方法，如Set.prototype.forEach()，都接受一个可选的 thisArg 参数。

js[1, 2, 3].forEach(logThis, { name: "obj" });

// { name: 'obj' }, { name: 'obj' }, { name: 'obj' }

偶尔，回调函数会以一个非 undefined 的 this 值被调用。例如，JSON.parse() 的 reviver 参数和 JSON.stringify() 的 replacer 参数都会把 this 设置为正在被解析/序列化的属性所属的对象。

箭头函数

在箭头函数中，this 保留了闭合词法上下文的 this 值。换句话说，当对箭头函数求值时，语言不会创建一个新的 this 绑定。

例如，在全局代码中，无论是否在严格模式下，由于全局上下文绑定，this 值总是 globalThis。

jsconst globalObject = this;

const foo = () => this;

console.log(foo() === globalObject); // true

箭头函数在其周围的作用域上创建一个 this 值的闭包，这意味着箭头函数的行为就像它们是“自动绑定”的——无论如何调用，this 都绑定到函数创建时的值（在上面的例子中，是全局对象）。在其他函数内部创建的箭头函数也是如此：它们的 this 值保持为闭合词法上下文的 this。参见下面的例子。

此外，当使用 call()、bind() 或 apply() 调用箭头函数时，thisArg 参数会被忽略。不过，你仍然可以使用这些方法传递其他参数。

jsconst obj = { name: "obj" };

// 尝试使用 call 设置 this

console.log(foo.call(obj) === globalObject); // true

// 尝试使用 bind 设置 this

const boundFoo = foo.bind(obj);

console.log(boundFoo() === globalObject); // true

构造函数

当一个函数被用作构造函数（使用 new 关键字）时，无论构造函数是在哪个对象上被访问的，其 this 都会被绑定到正在构造的新对象上。除非构造函数返回另一个非原始值，不然 this 的值会成为 new 表达式的值。

jsfunction C() {

this.a = 37;

}

let o = new C();

console.log(o.a); // 37

function C2() {

this.a = 37;

return { a: 38 };

}

o = new C2();

console.log(o.a); // 38

在第二个例子（C2）中，因为在构造过程中返回了一个对象，this 被绑定的新对象被丢弃。（这基本上使得语句 this.a = 37; 成为了死代码。它并不完全是死代码，因为它被执行了，但是它可以被消除而不产生任何外部效果。）

super

当一个函数以 super.method() 的形式被调用时，method 函数内的 this 与 super.method() 调用周围的 this 值相同，通常不等于 super 所指向的对象。这是因为 super.method 不是像上面的对象成员访问——它是一种特殊的语法，有不同的绑定规则。有关示例，请参见 super 参考。类上下文一个类可以被分为两个上下文：静态和实例。构造函数、方法和实例字段初始化器（公有或私有）属于实例上下文。静态方法、静态字段初始化器和静态初始化块 (en-US)属于静态上下文。this 值在每个上下文中都是不同的。

类构造函数总是通过 new 调用，所以它们的行为与构造函数相同：this 值是正在创建的新实例。类方法的行为像对象字面量中的方法——this 值是方法被访问的对象。如果方法没有转移到另一个对象，this 通常是类的一个实例。

静态方法不是 this 的属性。它们是类本身的属性。因此，它们通常在类上访问，this 是类（或子类）的值。静态初始化块也是在 this 设置为当前类的情况下进行求值的。

字段初始化器也在类的上下文中执行。实例字段是在 this 被设置为正在构造的实例的情况下被初始化的。静态字段是在 this 被设置为当前类的情况下被初始化的。这就是为什么字段初始化器中的箭头函数对于实例字段绑定到实例，对于静态字段绑定到类。

jsclass C {

instanceField = this;

static staticField = this;

}

const c = new C();

console.log(c.instanceField === c); // true

console.log(C.staticField === C); // true

派生类构造函数

与基类构造函数不同，派生构造函数没有初始的 this 绑定。调用 super() 在构造函数中创建一个 this 绑定，基本上和求值以下代码的效果类似，其中 Base 是基类：

jsthis = new Base();

警告：在调用 super() 之前引用 this 将抛出错误。

派生类在调用 super() 之前不能有返回，除非构造函数返回一个对象（这样 this 值就会被覆盖）或者类根本没有构造函数。

jsclass Base {}

class Good extends Base {}

class AlsoGood extends Base {

constructor() {

return { a: 5 };

}

class Bad extends Base {

constructor() {}

}

new Good();

new AlsoGood();

new Bad(); // ReferenceError: Must call super constructor in derived class before accessing 'this' or returning from derived constructor

全局上下文在全局执行上下文中（在任何函数或类之外；可能在全局范围内定义的块或箭头函数内部），this 值取决于脚本运行的执行上下文。像回调一样，this 值由运行时环境（调用者）确定。

在脚本的顶层，无论是否在严格模式下，this 会指向globalThis。这通常与全局对象相同——例如，如果源代码放在 HTML 的

Follow

imtoken官方版2.0|this

imtoken官方版2.0|this

THIS中文(简体)翻译：剑桥词典

JavaScript this 关键字 | 菜鸟教程

this是什么意思_this的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_爱词霸在线词典

C++ 中的 this 指针 | 菜鸟教程

彻底搞懂JavaScript中的this指向问题 - 知乎

this - JavaScript | MDN